The landscape of spatial data analysis in R

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# THE<br>LANDSCAPE<br>OF<br>SPATIAL DATA ANALYSIS IN R

### **Slides:** http://bit.ly/whyr19
.LARGE[**Jakub Nowosad | Why R? | 2019-09-28**]

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# Sidenote

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.footnote[Based on the David O’Sullivan's talk title at the Geocomputation 2019 conference]

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# Spatial data

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# Spatial data - GPS locations

<center>
<p class="caption">
Pahrump Valley Gazette, 1997-12-25
</p>
</center>

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# Spatial data - Roads networks

<center>
<p class="caption">
https://www.move-lab.com/project/roadstorome/
</p>
</center>

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# Spatial data - Administrative data

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# Spatial data - Satelite data

<center>
<p class="caption">
Image Composites, http://gsp.humboldt.edu/OLM_2017/
</p>
</center>

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# Spatial data - LIDAR

<center>
<p class="caption">
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/archaeology/lasers-lidar-driving-revolution-archaeology/
</p>
</center>

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# Spatial data - Sensors

<center>
<p class="caption">
Industry 4.0, Christoph Roser
</p>
</center>

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# Spatial data

and many more...

A lot of spatial data is freely available:

- http://freegisdata.rtwilson.com/
- https://data.nasa.gov/
- https://planet.parts/
- https://www.efi.int/knowledge/maps/forest
- https://land.copernicus.eu/
- https://maps.elie.ucl.ac.be/CCI/viewer/
- https://www.ecad.eu//dailydata/predefinedseries.php
- http://www.worldclim.org/version2
- https://www.geoportal.org/
- https://scihub.copernicus.eu/
- https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/
- https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/

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# Cartography

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# Cartography

.pull-left[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/imago-mundi.jpg" alt="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_Map_of_the_World" width="1067" />
<p class="caption">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babylonian_Map_of_the_World</p>
</div>

]

.pull-right[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/orbis-terrarum.jpg" alt="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orbis_Terrarum_Nova_et_Accuratissima_Tabula_by_Nicolaes_Visscher,_1658.jpg" width="1219" />
<p class="caption">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Orbis_Terrarum_Nova_et_Accuratissima_Tabula_by_Nicolaes_Visscher,_1658.jpg</p>
</div>
]

---
# Cartography

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/usa-old-map.jpg" alt="World Atlas, PWN, 1962" width="80%" />
<p class="caption">World Atlas, PWN, 1962</p>
</div>

---
# Cartography

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/wargames2.png" alt="Still from WarGames (1983)" width="75%" />
<p class="caption">Still from WarGames (1983)</p>
</div>

---
# Cartography

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/tmap-map.png" alt="https://github.com/mtennekes/tmap/tree/master/demo/ClassicMap" width="88%" />
<p class="caption">https://github.com/mtennekes/tmap/tree/master/demo/ClassicMap</p>
</div>

---
# Cartography

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/cartography-map.png" alt="https://riatelab.github.io/MDM/" width="88%" />
<p class="caption">https://riatelab.github.io/MDM/</p>
</div>

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# Cartography

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/worlds-animate.gif" alt="https://nowosad.github.io/post/maps-distortion/"  />
<p class="caption">https://nowosad.github.io/post/maps-distortion/</p>
</div>

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# Cartography

<center>
<p class="caption">
https://fitzlab.shinyapps.io/cityapp/
</p>
</center>

---
# Cartography

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/montbayabove.gif" alt="https://www.tylermw.com/3d-maps-with-rayshader/" width="85%" />
<p class="caption">https://www.tylermw.com/3d-maps-with-rayshader/</p>
</div>

---
# Cartography

.pull-left[
Book chapters:

- [Making maps with R, Geocompuation with R](https://geocompr.robinlovelace.net/adv-map.html)
- [Visualizing geospatial data, Fundamentals of Data Visualization](https://serialmentor.com/dataviz/geospatial-data.html)

Other packages:

- [mapview](https://github.com/r-spatial/mapview)
- [mapdeck](https://github.com/SymbolixAU/mapdeck)
- [cartogram](https://github.com/sjewo/cartogram)
- [geogrid](https://github.com/jbaileyh/geogrid)
- [geofacet](https://github.com/hafen/geofacet)
- [cubeview](https://github.com/r-spatial/cubeview)
- [cesium](https://github.com/r-spatial/cesium)
- ...
]

.pull-right[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/textured-uluru.png" alt="https://github.com/ACEMS/r2vr" width="1444" />
<p class="caption">https://github.com/ACEMS/r2vr</p>
</div>
]

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# Applications

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# Applications

.pull-left[
<img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-17-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />

]

.pull-right[
<img src="index_files/figure-html/unnamed-chunk-18-1.png" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Ecology

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/whereanimals.png" alt="http://wheretheanimalsgo.com/" width="100%" />
<p class="caption">http://wheretheanimalsgo.com/</p>
</div>

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# Ecology

.pull-left[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/sdm1.png" alt="http://rpubs.com/kerkhoffa/SDMMaxent" width="1205" />
<p class="caption">http://rpubs.com/kerkhoffa/SDMMaxent</p>
</div>
]

.pull-right[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/sdm2.png" alt="http://rpubs.com/kerkhoffa/SDMMaxent" width="1588" />
<p class="caption">http://rpubs.com/kerkhoffa/SDMMaxent</p>
</div>
]

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# Earth Observation

.lc[
<p class="caption">
https://soilgrids.org/
</p>
]

.rc[
<img src="figs/soilgrid.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Earth Observation

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/cubes.png" alt="https://github.com/appelmar/opengeohub_summerschool2019" width="2037" />
<p class="caption">https://github.com/appelmar/opengeohub_summerschool2019</p>
</div>

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# Earth Observation

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/datacubes.png" alt="https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/92" width="75%" />
<p class="caption">https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/92</p>
</div>

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# Earth Observation

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/water-detection.png" alt="https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/92" width="4092" />
<p class="caption">https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5729/4/3/92</p>
</div>

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# Demography

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/dot-map.png" alt="https://www.blog.cultureofinsight.com/2017/06/building-dot-density-maps-with-uk-census-data-in-r/" width="65%" />
<p class="caption">https://www.blog.cultureofinsight.com/2017/06/building-dot-density-maps-with-uk-census-data-in-r/</p>
</div>

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# Demography

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/racial_landscape-imprv.png" alt="https://nowosad.github.io/raceland/" width="100%" />
<p class="caption">https://nowosad.github.io/raceland/</p>
</div>

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# Demography

.lc[
<p class="caption">
https://ikashnitsky.github.io/2018/the-lancet-paper/
</p>
]

.rc[
<img src="figs/demography-map.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Economics

.lc[
<p class="caption">
https://timogrossenbacher.ch/2019/04/bivariate-maps-with-ggplot2-and-sf/
</p>
]

.rc[
<img src="figs/switz-inequality.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Economics

.lc[
<p class="caption">
http://datatopics.worldbank.org/sdgatlas/index.html
</p>

> "All the figures in this Atlas are produced in R with ggplot2 or with QGIS. For a digital version of this publication and the source code for the majority of charts and maps, please refer to http://data.worldbank.org/sdgatlas"
]

.rc[
<img src="figs/sdg-atlas.png" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Economics

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/sdg-atlas-fig-pm25.png" alt="https://github.com/worldbank/sdgatlas2018/blob/master/sdg11.R#L270-L301" width="80%" />
<p class="caption">https://github.com/worldbank/sdgatlas2018/blob/master/sdg11.R#L270-L301</p>
</div>

---
# Journalism

.lc[
- https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/02/upshot/new-geography-of-prisons.html
<p class="caption">
https://github.com/TheUpshot/prison-admissions
</p>
]

.rc[
<img src="figs/prision.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Politics

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/gppi_syria.jpg" alt="https://www.gppi.net/2019/02/17/the-logic-of-chemical-weapons-use-in-syria/" width="68%" />
<p class="caption">https://www.gppi.net/2019/02/17/the-logic-of-chemical-weapons-use-in-syria/</p>
</div>

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# Transport

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/pct.png" alt="https://www.pct.bike/" width="2207" />
<p class="caption">https://www.pct.bike/</p>
</div>

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# Transport

<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/pct-example2.png" alt="https://www.pct.bike/" width="90%" />
<p class="caption">https://www.pct.bike/</p>
</div>

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# Climatology/Meteorology

.lc[
<p class="caption">
http://www.meteo.pl/
</p>
]

.rc[
<img src="figs/meteo-pl.png" width="85%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# History/archeology

.lc[
<p class="caption">
https://benmarwick.github.io/How-To-Do-Archaeological-Science-Using-R/
</p>
]

.rc[
<img src="figs/archeology.png" width="90%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Hobbies

.pull-left[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/mtb-track.png" alt="https://yetanotheriteration.netlify.com/2018/01/ploting-your-mtb-track-with-r/" width="100%" />
<p class="caption">https://yetanotheriteration.netlify.com/2018/01/ploting-your-mtb-track-with-r/</p>
</div>
]

.pull-right[
<div class="figure" style="text-align: center">
<img src="figs/sunmodel.gif" alt="https://www.waldrn.com/the-shadiest-spots-in-downtown-indianapolis/" width="100%" />
<p class="caption">https://www.waldrn.com/the-shadiest-spots-in-downtown-indianapolis/</p>
</div>
]

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# Journalism + Climatology/Meteorology + Hobby

.lc[
<p class="caption">
https://www.katiejolly.io/blog/2019-08-28/nyt-urban-heat
</p>

]

.rc[
<img src="figs/urban-heat-island-map1.png" width="55%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Non-spatial

<p class="caption">
https://statnmap.com/2018-10-28-play-with-spatial-tools-on-3d-cells-images/
</p>

.pull-left[
<img src="figs/meshtosf-1.jpeg" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

.pull-right[
<img src="figs/mesh.gif" width="80%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

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# Why R?

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# Why R?

#### Do we even need R for spatial data analysis? Why? 
#### Are not there any existing software?

.pull-left[
## **Yes, there are...**
]

.pull-right[
<img src="figs/gis-logos.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

## **...but...**

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# Why R?

Existing GIS software:

- Some are closed-source 
 
- **Focuses on spatial data, spatial analysis, and maps**

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# Why R?

.pull-left[
<img src="figs/r.png" width="100%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

.pull-right[
<split into several slides>

**Why R?**

- Repeatability and reproducibility
- Automation
- Expandability
- Spatial data analysis is a part of a workflow (not necessary the center of it)
- It is possible to connect R with GIS software

**R and GIS have one important thing in common - they are very universal!**

]

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# How to start?

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# How to start?

.pull-left[
<img src="figs/cover.png" width="66%" style="display: block; margin: auto;" />
]

.pull-right[
**Resources:**

- https://geocompr.github.io/
- http://r-spatial.org/book
- https://www.rspatial.org/
- https://spacetimewithr.org/
- `#rspatial` and `#geocompr` on Twitter
- https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/r
- https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-sig-geo

**Get involved:**

- Packages repositories at https://github.com/
- Suggestions 
- Bugs report
- Improvements to the documentation, e.g. clarifying unclear sentences, fixing typos
- Changes to the code
]

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### **Slides:** http://bit.ly/whyr19

<br>

.pull-left[
## Summary:

- Spatial data is all around us
- R is great for working with spatial data
- `#rspatial` future looks bright
- Think if (how) `#rspatial` can help you solve your problems
- Get involved!

]

.pull-right[
## Contact:

Twitter: <i class="ion  ion-social-twitter "></i> jakub_nowosad

## Resources:

https://nowosad.github.io

https://geocompr.github.io

]

.footnote[
<p style="font-size: 0.9rem;font-style: italic;">Title slide image:  <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/135085206@N08/26476997010">"DSC03270"</a><span>by <a href="http://www.flickr.com/photos/135085206@N08">lippel82</a></span> licensed under <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/?ref=ccsearch&atype=html" style="margin-right: 5px;">CC BY-NC-SA 2.0</a><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/?ref=ccsearch&atype=html" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" style="display: inline-block;white-space: none;opacity: .7;margin-top: 2px;margin-left: 3px;height: 22px !important;"><img style="height: inherit;margin-right: 3px;display: inline-block;" src="https://search.creativecommons.org/static/img/cc_icon.svg" /><img style="height: inherit;margin-right: 3px;display: inline-block;" src="https://search.creativecommons.org/static/img/cc-by_icon.svg" /><img style="height: inherit;margin-right: 3px;display: inline-block;" src="https://search.creativecommons.org/static/img/cc-nc_icon.svg" /><img style="height: inherit;margin-right: 3px;display: inline-block;" src="https://search.creativecommons.org/static/img/cc-sa_icon.svg" /></a></p>
]